About BIKE
BIKE (Bit Flipping Key Encapsulation) is a code-based key encapsulation mechanism (KEM) designed to be secure against attacks from quantum computers. It was an alternate candidate in the NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography standardization process.
Key Features:
- Type: Code-based key encapsulation mechanism (KEM)
- Security Basis: Quasi-Cyclic Moderate Density Parity-Check (QC-MDPC) codes
- Quantum Resistance: Designed to be secure against quantum computer attacks
- Key Sizes: Relatively compact compared to other code-based schemes
- Performance: Efficient key generation, encapsulation, and decapsulation operations
How BIKE Works:
- Key Generation:
- Generate two sparse binary polynomials h₀ and h₁
- Compute h = h₁ · h₀⁻¹ in a polynomial ring
- Public key: h
- Private key: (h₀, h₁)
- Encapsulation (Generating a Shared Secret):
- Generate a random error vector e
- Compute the syndrome s = h · e
- Derive a shared secret K from e
- Ciphertext: s
- Decapsulation (Recovering the Shared Secret):
- Use the private key to decode the syndrome s and recover e
- Derive the same shared secret K from e
Security and Advantages:
Feature |
Description |
Security Basis |
Based on the hardness of decoding random linear codes, a problem believed to be resistant to quantum attacks |
Key Size |
Smaller public and private keys compared to some other post-quantum schemes |
Performance |
Efficient operations suitable for various applications, including constrained environments |
Implementation |
Relatively simple implementation with potential for optimization |
Variants and Parameters:
- BIKE-1: Designed for NIST Security Level 1 (equivalent to AES-128)
- BIKE-3: Designed for NIST Security Level 3 (equivalent to AES-192)
- BIKE-5: Designed for NIST Security Level 5 (equivalent to AES-256)
Applications:
- Key Exchange: Establishing shared secrets for symmetric encryption
- Hybrid Cryptography: Combining with classical algorithms for transition to post-quantum security
- TLS and Secure Communications: Potential use in future quantum-resistant communication protocols
Note: While BIKE was not selected as a primary standard by NIST, it remains a promising post-quantum algorithm with ongoing research and development. Its code-based approach provides diversity in post-quantum cryptography, complementing other approaches like lattice-based cryptography (e.g., Kyber).